First, we should adopt Constant Current charging and Constant Voltage charging to charge a lithium battery. The Constant Current charging should be performed first to raise the voltage to the end-of-charge voltage level. After reaching the required voltage, Constant Voltage charging starts and the current of the lithium battery gradually decreases.

Second, we should lower the charging C rate. At low charging speeds, lithium ions intercalate smoothly into the graphite sheets without damaging the electrodes. However, Li-ion intercalation becomes increasingly difficult as the charge rate increases. If the rate is too high, the lithium ions do not have time to properly penetrate the electrodes. The deposition of lithium metal may occur, resulting in premature battery aging.

Third, we should charge lithium batteries at a suitable temperature. The temperature range should be 0-45℃. The increase in the charging temperature can cause the exfoliation of the graphite sheets, causing the permanent capacity loss of the battery. And if a lithium battery is charged below 0℃, the electrode sheet contracts and the electron conductivity of the electrolyte becomes lower, complicating ion intercalation in graphite. Lithium deposits can be generated, resulting in permanent capacity loss.

Overcharge and over-discharge can damage lithium batteries. It is important to charge lithium batteries properly to optimize their performance.

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